Table of Contents
A Surge Analysis: What Is It?
Surge analysis refers to the study of pressure variations within a pipeline system, which are typically caused by changes in the system’s operation. These variations can be triggered by relatively simple actions, such as opening or closing a valve, or more complex events like the startup or shutdown of one or more pumps.
Surge analysis is crucial for detecting potential issues related to pressure fluctuations that may arise during both planned and unplanned operational events. Proper surge analysis is essential to identify risks and improve the safety, reliability, and performance of pipeline systems.
Why is surge analysis necessary?
Surge analysis is vital due to the fact that pipelines, which are an economical and reliable means of transporting fluids, both liquids and gases, are vulnerable to sudden pressure fluctuations. Pipelines comprise various components, including valves, elbows, reducers, and other fittings, all of which contribute to the system’s overall functionality. Additionally, changes in the pipeline’s geometry, such as curves or varying elevations, can exacerbate pressure changes. In operational
scenarios, the disruption of fluid flow due to emergencies or sudden changes in operational conditions can cause momentum shifts, resulting in rapid pressure changes. These surges can cause significant damage to the pipeline, leading to severe consequences if not addressed. Surge analysis helps mitigate these risks, ensuring the effective design and management of installations to reduce the likelihood of failures.
When should one perform a surge analysis?
Surge analysis should be conducted whenever a pipeline system transitions from a steady-state condition to a transient state due to external factors. This may occur when irregular events change the flow and pressure characteristics, such as the opening or closing of a valve, starting
or stopping of a pump, or any significant operational changes. Surge analysis should continue until the system stabilises and a new steady-state is reached. It is particularly crucial during the design phase of pipeline projects, during major system modifications, or when implementing operational changes, to ensure the pipeline can safely handle potential surges and avoid failures.
Piping surge: what is it?
A piping surge refers to an abrupt change in fluid velocity within a pipeline, often resulting from events such as pump start/stop operations, valve operations, or displaced air within the system. These changes in velocity can cause rapid pressure increases or drops, exerting significant stress on the entire piping system. Surge analysis acts as a hydraulic model to assess the effects of these pressure
variations on the pipeline, ensuring that components such as valves, pipes, and fittings can withstand such conditions. The analysis is critical for ensuring that the system is capable of managing surge events safely and efficiently.
Why is Piping Surge Analysis Known by Various Names?
Piping surge analysis is known by several different terms, each highlighting a specific aspect of the phenomenon or the analytical process. These include:
- Hydraulic Transient Analysis: Focuses on temporary or short-term hydraulic conditions, stressing the changes in fluid flow and pressure characteristics over time.
- Water Hammer Analysis: Specifically addresses pressure fluctuations due to rapid variations in pressure caused by valve actions, particularly in liquid systems like water.
- Pressure Surge Analysis: Concentrates on pressure spikes within the system, often due to operational changes.
4. Transient Flow Analysis: Emphasises the temporary conditions of fluid flow, encompassing pressure, velocity, and direction changes.
5. Pressure Transient Analysis: Related to hydraulic transients but specifically dealing with pressure waves produced and propagated through the system.
6. Fluid Transient Analysis: A broader term that covers both liquid and gas systems, focusing on transient fluid behaviour within the pipeline.
7. Surge Pressure Analysis: Examines the change in pressure over time, particularly focusing on pressure disturbances and fluctuations during transient events.
These varying names reflect the different types of transient events and how they affect the system, highlighting specific areas of focus depending on the fluid type, the nature of the event, and its impact on the pipeline system.
Analysis and Modeling of Surges:
KKR Bose Design engineers specialise in conducting detailed surge analysis for entire pipeline systems, including pumps and valves. The process begins with the collection of data regarding pipeline characteristics from the client. Key inputs for surge analysis include:
- Pipeline characteristics
- Fluid types
- Types of pumps, valves, and fittings
Using this information, engineers perform surge analysis using specialised software that models the behaviour of the system under various conditions. Inputs for simulations might include flow rates, control valve settings, operating conditions, and valve closures. This allows engineers to identify and address potential problems, ensuring optimal pipeline performance and efficiency.
Surge Analysis software available:
Several software programs are available for surge analysis, with the most widely used being:
- Pipeline Studio
- PIPENET
- Flowmaster
- Hytran
- AFT Impulse
- WANDA
- Hammer
- PASS/Hydro system
- Flownex Simulation Environment
- PTRAN
- KYPipe
These tools assist in evaluating the results of simulations, providing insight into potential issues that could affect the pipeline system’s operation. The final deliverables from the surge analysis process include:
- Basic engineering design
- Surge analysis report with recommendations
- Technical assistance
- Control philosophy
Why Choose KKR Bose Design for Surge Analysis or Piping Flexibility Analysis?
- Deep Expertise: KKR Bose Design has extensive experience in surge analysis, ensuring a comprehensive understanding of surge phenomena and their impact on pipeline systems.
- Advanced Analytical Techniques: Utilising cutting-edge software and techniques, KKR Bose Design provides accurate surge simulations, offering reliable insights and results.
- Thorough Analysis: The company offers a wide range of surge analysis services, from transient situation simulations to assessing the effects of these changes on system safety and performance.
- Skilled Team: KKR Bose Design employs a team of highly skilled professionals with expertise in handling complex surge analysis tasks and providing actionable recommendations.
- Custom Solutions: The company tailors its approach to meet the specific needs of each project, ensuring efficient, workable solutions to address unique challenges.
- Commitment to Quality: KKR Bose Design is dedicated to delivering high-quality results by adhering to industry standards and best practices, ensuring the reliability and security of pipeline systems.
- Customer-Centric Service: Throughout the surge analysis process, KKR Bose Design prioritises clear communication and collaboration with clients, focusing on understanding and fulfilling their needs.
Selecting KKR Bose Design for surge analysis ensures access to expert knowledge, state-of-the-art tools, and a commitment to providing in-depth, high-quality analysis for pipeline system safety and performance.